The most common process for production of PHOSPHORIC ACID in the World, is wet process PHOSPHORIC ACID (WPPA). Because the ACID is produces from this process in the production of industrial grade and food grade contains many impurities, must be purified.Therefore, the purification process contains coagulation, discoloration with charcoal, sulfate precipitation, filtration, extraction with solvent and ion exchange process. Florine is eliminated by precipitation in the form sodium flour silicate. Arsenic is precipitated in form of cupper arsenide. Lead, iron and aluminous is precipitated by glacial acetic ACID. Sulfate is precipitated by barium soluble salt.The selective solvent is used for extraction is three n-butyl phosphate (TBP). The result is obtained in laboratory is in accord with the above process.

Solvent extraction is an economically efficient method widely used in the purification of wet PHOSPHORIC ACID. In this study, a microchannel was applied to promote the mixing and purification of PHOSPHORIC ACID during continuous production. For this aim, solvent extraction was conducted to purify PHOSPHORIC ACID via methyl isobutyl ketone/tri-butyl phosphate mixtures. Additionally, the Box-Behnken design method was used to survey the solvent extraction process. The effect of various operational parameters such as solvent concentration (45– 65 %wt. ), temperature (18-28˚ C), and organic/aqueous phase ratio (2: 1– 6: 1) at a constant flow rate of 70 mL/L was examined. Experimental results indicated that the microchannel at the residence time of 6. 85 min could promote the extraction percentage of and sulfate removal of more than 98% and 60%, respectively, compared to the batch extractor.

In SOOREH Co, a significant amount of uranium-containing PHOSPHORIC ACID wastewater from analytical operations is produced on a large volume of process samples. Uranium recovery and its optimal use in the UF6 gas production cycle is the most important goal of this research. To achieve this goal, two methods for the recovery of uranium from this wastewater have been investigated. The first method is to use TBP and D2EHPA extractant diluted with kerosene. The results of this study showed that up to 98% of uranium is extracted from laboratory wastewater, 95% of which can be stripped from the organic phase by ammonium bicarbonate solution. The second method is to precipitate uranium using sodium dithionite. In this study, the two-step process of uranium recovery from PHOSPHORIC ACID wastewater has been studied. The results of this method show that using sodium dithionite with two-stage precipitation, the concentration of uranium in the filtered solution of sediments is reduced to less than 0. 2 ppm and this reduction in concentration is equal to the efficiency up to 99. 99%. Therefore, the use of the sedimentation method to recover uranium from PHOSPHORIC ACID wastewater by sodium dithionite is a more appropriate method compared to the solvent extraction method and is recommended for this type of wastewater.

The increasing industrialization leads to toxic pollutants in wastewater and it has a considerable impact on human health due to toxicity, accumulation, and persistence in nature. The study concentrated on the adsorption of chromium (VI) ions using groundnut shells modified with PHOSPHORIC (PA-GNS) and citric ACID (CA-GNS) in aqueous solutions. Several factors were examined, encompassing contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and initial chromium concentration, were systematically examined to understand their impact on the adsorption process. The findings revealed that, under optimized conditions of pH 2, stirring speed at 200 rpm, initial metal ion concentration of 50 mg/100 mL, adsorbent dose of 1500 mg/100 mL solution, a contact time of 120 minutes (45 minutes for PA-GNS) for stirring, and a temperature of 25°C, the maximum removal percentages for Cr(VI) were 96.95% and 93.69% for PA-GNS and CA-GNS, respectively. The biosorption of Cr(VI) ions by both PA-GNS and CA-GNS was found to conform to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Regarding the kinetics of the adsorption process, it followed a pseudo-second-order model with rate constants of 3.25 and 3.311 (g/mg.min) for PA-GNS and CA-GNS, respectively.

The technique for the separation of itaconic ACID from fermented broth has a substantial impact on overall manufacturing costs. To make biorefineries sustainable and profitable, optimization and highly efficient downstream processes are technological hurdles. Itaconic ACID has previously been separated using processes like crystallization, extraction, electrodialysis, diafiltration, precipitation, adsorption, and pertraction. Crystallization is a common way to separate itaconic ACID from fermented broth, but other methods, viz., reactive extraction and membrane separation, show promise as recovery processes that could be used with fermentation to increase the yield of the process. In this study, the distribution coefficients were obtained from 1.89-4.05 with extraction efficiencies of 65.35-80.20% at 10–50 vol% of tri-n-butyl phosphate with iso-octanol. The maximum separation of itaconic ACID was observed with 50% tri-n-butyl phosphate at 0.051 mol.L-1 of itaconic ACID. The loading ratio was less than 0.5, showing that the complex was formed 1:1 (ACID: extractant) in the organic phase. The results indicate that iso-octanol with tri-n-butyl phosphate could be further used as a solvent to the separation of itaconic ACID.

The Wet Process PHOSPHORIC ACID (WPA) is used to produce fertilizers and alimentary supplies for cattle. In each of these applications, the impurities contained in ACID must be in standard range. In this paper purification of WPA by solvent extraction is performed and the effect of the mass ratio of solvent to feed on extraction efficiency is studied. The working solvents are Methyl Iso Butyl Ketone (MIBK), Iso Amyl Alcohol (IAA) and the mixture of them. The results show that the IAA is better than other solvents in extraction of WPA. This solvent can extract 82.2% of ACID after two extraction stages but MIBK can extract only 73.5% of ACID after three extraction stages. For all of these solvents, the Pb and Cd concentrations go down to trace. The experimental results show that the maximum separation of Mg with MIBK is 87.5% which occurs at the mass ratio of solvent to feed eual to 4. In the case of IAA solvent the percent is 91.7% and the ratio is 8.

In this research, the adsorption of PHOSPHORIC ACID from an aqueous solution was investigated at different temperatures (298, 308, and 318 K) by using different adsorbents such as wheat bran and banana peels, in a batch system. FTIR and SEM analysis were used, in order to determine the functional groups in the structure of adsorbents and the surface characteristics of adsorbents, respectively. In the adsorption experiments, the effect of important parameters such as the effect of contact time, the amount of adsorbent temperature, and initial ACID concentration was investigated. Equilibrium time was determined 40 and 50 minutes for wheat barn and banana peels. The highest percentage of adsorption for banana peel and wheat peel was measured at 71% and 59. 8% for 1 g /L PHOSPHORIC ACID, respectively. The optimum amount of adsorbent was determined 3g. Investigation of the temperature demonstrated that the percentage of removing PHOSPHORIC ACID decreased by increasing the temperature. Different models of adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were applied to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures and Langmuir and Temkin isotherm have the most agreement with experimental data for absorbents. Different kinetic models such as pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich, and intra-particle diffusion model were chosen to describe the kinetic of adsorption, and the pseudo-second-order model for wheat barn and Elovich for banana peels have the best agreement with experimental data for each adsorbent. Thermodynamic parameters like standard Gibbs free energy changes of adsorption (Δ, G oads), standard enthalpy changes of adsorption (Δ, H oads), and standard entropy changes of adsorption (Δ, S oads) were calculated by using equilibrium constant values at different temperatures. The negative value of (Δ, G oads) demonstrated that adsorption of PHOSPHORIC ACID by adsorbents is a spontaneity process and negative values of (Δ, H oads) showed that adsorption of PHOSPHORIC ACID on adsorbents is exothermic. The absorption capacity of banana peel and wheat bran was achieved20 and 11 mg/g, respectively. As a result, banana peel was the appropriate absorbent in this work.

A processable polyaniline (PANI) was prepared via reversed microemulsion polymerization using both PHOSPHORIC ACID(PA)and dodecylbenzenesulfonic ACID (DBSA) as dopants. By attaching this anionic surfactant to PANI chains, solubility and hence processability of PANI in organic solvents was highly increased. Hydrophobic PANI-PA-DBSA also demonstrated better corrosion protection efficiency in comparison to the PANI synthesized without surface active agents. Polymerization of PANI-PA-DBSA was achieved via chemical oxidation of anilinemonomers inside micelles in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS), PHOSPHORIC ACIDand dodecylbenzenesulfonic ACID at room temperature within one hour. PANI-PA-DBSA was characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis and XRD techniques before being used in a protective coating composed of xylene, as solvent, and epoxy resin, as matrix. The coating was applied, using dip coating method, on carbon steel specimens. Corrosion protection performance of different coatings was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and DC polarization techniques. According to DC polarization tests, corrosion potential of carbon steel was shifted about 0. 2 V toward more noble potentials in case of optimized PANI-PA-DBSA. EIS data also illustrated a relatively smooth surface with very high resistance which couldserve as a good protective coating due to barrier effects of epoxy resin, reversible redox properties of PANI, and hydrophobicity of PANI-PA-DBSA. Moreover, for different samples, open circuit potential (OCP) was monitored versus time; based on the monitoring results, PANI-PA-DBSA with optimized DBSA content showed relatively little changes over time, as compared to other coatings. Further, different samples had their morphologies investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).